もう途中で面倒くさくなって、読み飛ばしつつ、テストを受けました。
Web上で受ける場合、クレカで$35を払うといきなり問題が始まり、
調べ放題。でも、面倒くさすぎて特に調べずカンでやりました。
The overall program design would depend upon whether it was managed by government or beverage producers (see key issues discussion below); however, producers should be given flexibility to design the system in a manner which minimizes costs.
自動車教習所のときの問題みたいに、「これはありえへんやろw」みたいな消去法で答えられないやつ。(そーゆーやつもあるけど)
4択問題×30問中、24問正解(80%)すれば合格。
そのところ、25問正解で合格しました。
でもまぁ、私、ゆーても3日くらいかけて勉強したので、
いきなり受験はおすすめしません・・・
で、英語のリーディングが苦手で語彙力のない人はかーなーり厳しいと思う。
オンライン受講(無料)&テスト受験(有料)はこちらから。
では、実際のテスト問題を公開!
1. Why is there no single scientific measure that determines whether a person is intoxicated?
【A】because intoxication is an observed state
【B】because intoxication is a psychological state
【C】because the normal use of physical or mental faculties cannot be measured
【D】because the abnormal use of physical or mental faculties cannot be measured
【B】because intoxication is a psychological state
【C】because the normal use of physical or mental faculties cannot be measured
【D】because the abnormal use of physical or mental faculties cannot be measured
2. Which is most important to check when inspecting by touch a possible fraudulent piece of ID?
【A】thickness
【B】stickiness
【C】sharp corners
【D】chipped edges
【B】stickiness
【C】sharp corners
【D】chipped edges
3. Courts in BC have assigned up to what percentage of the blame to establishments that allow patrons to drink and drive, resulting in injury or death to other citizens?
4. What does a responsible beverage service program primarily depend upon?
【A】improving customer awareness of liquor laws
【B】written policies enforced by licensees, managers, and staff
【C】promotional activities that include no-charge soft drinks for designated drivers
【D】customer service that promotes the right ambience and a pleasant environment
【B】written policies enforced by licensees, managers, and staff
【C】promotional activities that include no-charge soft drinks for designated drivers
【D】customer service that promotes the right ambience and a pleasant environment
5. When are licensees and staff obligated to protect patrons from harm related to drinking?
【A】when the patrons are on the premises
【B】when the patrons have left the premises
【C】when the patrons are both on and off the premises
【D】when the patrons are on the premises during regular business hours
【B】when the patrons have left the premises
【C】when the patrons are both on and off the premises
【D】when the patrons are on the premises during regular business hours
6. Which is a server's legal duty?
【A】to provide lodging to intoxicated patrons
【B】to provide free food to intoxicated patrons
【C】to confiscate the keys of intoxicated patrons
【D】to refuse to serve anyone to the point of intoxication
【B】to provide free food to intoxicated patrons
【C】to confiscate the keys of intoxicated patrons
【D】to refuse to serve anyone to the point of intoxication
7. Which factor does NOT influence the individual's level of intoxication?
8. Which statement is correct about the rights to sue for an incident?
【A】a person’s right to sue for an incident in an establishment ends after 6 months
【B】a person’s right to sue for an incident in an establishment ends after 1 year
【C】a person’s right to sue for an incident in an establishment ends after 2 years
【D】a person’s right to sue for an incident in an establishment ends after 3 years
【B】a person’s right to sue for an incident in an establishment ends after 1 year
【C】a person’s right to sue for an incident in an establishment ends after 2 years
【D】a person’s right to sue for an incident in an establishment ends after 3 years
9. What happens when during an inspection of a licensed establishment, an officer finds a violation of the Liquor Control and Licensing Act?
【A】the officer records the violation on a form, leaves a copy with the licensee and imposes monetary penalties【B】the officer records the violation on a form, leaves a copy with the licensee and sends a copy to the Liquor Control and Licensing Branch
【C】the officer records the violation and temporarily suspends the licence where the licensee fails to comply with the requirements of the Act
the officer records the violation and enforces specific conditions on the licence where the 【D】licensee fails to comply with the requirements of the Act
10. What should house policies for responsible beverage service include?
【A】ways to prevent intoxication, fighting, and overcrowding
【B】ways to prevent overcrowding, intoxication, and infestation
【C】ways to prevent underage drinking, intoxication, and overcrowding
【D】ways to prevent underage drinking, overcrowding, and food poisoning
【B】ways to prevent overcrowding, intoxication, and infestation
【C】ways to prevent underage drinking, intoxication, and overcrowding
【D】ways to prevent underage drinking, overcrowding, and food poisoning
11. What may be a crucial element of defence in civil litigation and in enforcement hearings before the Liquor Control and Licensing Branch?
【A】key details captured in an incident log
【B】the written house policy of an establishment
【C】detailed information about cross-training provided to staff
【D】the list of updates made to the house policy based on incidents
【B】the written house policy of an establishment
【C】detailed information about cross-training provided to staff
【D】the list of updates made to the house policy based on incidents
12. Which type of food is most effective in slowing down the alcohol-absorption process?
【A】low fat
【B】high fat
【C】low carbohydrates
【D】high carbohydrates
【B】high fat
【C】low carbohydrates
【D】high carbohydrates
13. How does posting a house policy where customers can view it support responsible beverage service?
【A】it informs staff about available alternate transportation in case of intoxication
【B】it alerts staff about the policy for filing complaints against intoxicated customers
【C】it alerts customers that the establishment does not serve to the point of intoxication
【D】it serves as a reminder to staff so that they do not over-serve customers to the point of intoxication
【B】it alerts staff about the policy for filing complaints against intoxicated customers
【C】it alerts customers that the establishment does not serve to the point of intoxication
【D】it serves as a reminder to staff so that they do not over-serve customers to the point of intoxication
14. When checking IDs to identify minors, how can laser engraving used on the new British Columbia Drivers Licenses and Identification Cards help?
【A】the engraving can only be seen under black light for security reasons
【B】the engraving is tactile and can be felt by touch to identify authenticity
【C】the engraving includes holographic imprints that are visible using a magnifying lens for additional security
【D】the engraving includes elaborate graphic designs that can be observed by the naked eye to prevent fraudulent IDs
【B】the engraving is tactile and can be felt by touch to identify authenticity
【C】the engraving includes holographic imprints that are visible using a magnifying lens for additional security
【D】the engraving includes elaborate graphic designs that can be observed by the naked eye to prevent fraudulent IDs
15. What is an effect of the combined use of alcohol and energy drinks?
【A】intensified sedation
【B】depressed respiratory functions
【C】reduced feelings of intoxication
【D】enhanced feelings of intoxication
【B】depressed respiratory functions
【C】reduced feelings of intoxication
【D】enhanced feelings of intoxication
16. What is the minimum penalty for selling, serving or supplying alcohol to a minor?
【A】a 10-day licence suspension or $5,500 fine
【B】a 10-day licence suspension or $7,500 fine
【C】a 30-day licence suspension and $1,500 fine
【D】a 30-day licence suspension and $5,500 fine
【B】a 10-day licence suspension or $7,500 fine
【C】a 30-day licence suspension and $1,500 fine
【D】a 30-day licence suspension and $5,500 fine
17. What kind of statements work best when refusing service?
【A】open and emotional
【B】open and compromising
【C】closed and confrontational
【D】closed and uncompromising
【B】open and compromising
【C】closed and confrontational
【D】closed and uncompromising
18. What is the correct statement to say to an intoxicated patron when refusing service?
【A】 I have the authority to cut-off service to you.
【B】You are drunk and I will not serve you anymore.
【C】 I'll be in trouble with my manager if I serve again.
【D】You seem to be intoxicated. You have to leave now.
【B】You are drunk and I will not serve you anymore.
【C】 I'll be in trouble with my manager if I serve again.
【D】You seem to be intoxicated. You have to leave now.
19. In British Columbia, when are individuals considered legally unfit to drive?
【A】when their BAC under .05%
【B】when their BAC under .08%
【C】when their BAC is at or above 0.05%
【D】when their BAC is at or above 0.08%
【B】when their BAC under .08%
【C】when their BAC is at or above 0.05%
【D】when their BAC is at or above 0.08%
20. Why are women generally more susceptible to the effects of alcohol as compared to men?
【A】women have lower levels of the metabolizing enzyme to break down alcohol
【B】women have higher levels of the metabolizing enzyme to break down alcohol
【C】women have more water in their system so alcohol is absorbed more quickly
【D】women have more blood in their system so alcohol promptly enters the bloodstream
【B】women have higher levels of the metabolizing enzyme to break down alcohol
【C】women have more water in their system so alcohol is absorbed more quickly
【D】women have more blood in their system so alcohol promptly enters the bloodstream
21. Which is a server's legal duty?
【A】promote complimentary non-alcoholic drinks for patrons
【B】monitor consumption of liquor by patrons on the premises
【C】offer food at reduced prices to prevent intoxication
【D】offer to sell unopened bottles for take-away by customers
【B】monitor consumption of liquor by patrons on the premises
【C】offer food at reduced prices to prevent intoxication
【D】offer to sell unopened bottles for take-away by customers
22. What is correct about intoxication?
【A】signs of intoxication can be measured scientifically
【B】signs of intoxication always start with physical changes
【C】intoxication increases when alcohol is being absorbed at a faster rate than it is being processed
【D】intoxication increases when alcohol is being is being absorbed at a slower rate than it is being processed
【B】signs of intoxication always start with physical changes
【C】intoxication increases when alcohol is being absorbed at a faster rate than it is being processed
【D】intoxication increases when alcohol is being is being absorbed at a slower rate than it is being processed
23. What technique should be used when refusing service?
【A】discretion
【B】negotiation
【C】compromise
【D】confrontation
【B】negotiation
【C】compromise
【D】confrontation
24. Which statement is correct about the duty of care?
【A】a licensee and its management and staff owe the “duty of care” to its patrons and the general public
【B】a licensee and its management and staff owe the “duty of care” to its patrons but not the general public
【C】a licensee and its management and staff owe the “duty of care” to its patrons even after they have arrived home
【D】a licensee and its management and staff owe the “duty of care” to its patrons while they are on the premises but not while they are off the premises
【B】a licensee and its management and staff owe the “duty of care” to its patrons but not the general public
【C】a licensee and its management and staff owe the “duty of care” to its patrons even after they have arrived home
【D】a licensee and its management and staff owe the “duty of care” to its patrons while they are on the premises but not while they are off the premises
25. Who is responsible for being alert to potential problems with patrons?
【A】host or security staff members
【B】manager and wait staff members
【C】bus staff members that are clearing tables
【D】any staff member who can watch customer behaviour
【B】manager and wait staff members
【C】bus staff members that are clearing tables
【D】any staff member who can watch customer behaviour
26. What is a legal responsibility of licensees?
【A】only refill containers purchased from the Liquor Distribution Branch
【B】ensure all patrons leave the establishment within 30 minutes of completing the liquor service
【C】check that each patron has one piece of valid ID, which includes the person’s name and signature
【D】ensure that the number of people stated on the establishment’s liquor licence is not exceeded by more than 10%
【B】ensure all patrons leave the establishment within 30 minutes of completing the liquor service
【C】check that each patron has one piece of valid ID, which includes the person’s name and signature
【D】ensure that the number of people stated on the establishment’s liquor licence is not exceeded by more than 10%
27. Why does an overweight person generally become intoxicated faster than a muscular person who weighs the same and drinks the same amount of alcohol?
【A】blood flows faster through fatty tissue
【B】blood flows slower through muscular tissue
【C】fatty tissue contains less water than muscle
【D】muscular tissue contains less water than fatty tissue
【B】blood flows slower through muscular tissue
【C】fatty tissue contains less water than muscle
【D】muscular tissue contains less water than fatty tissue
28. What is the most important result of an RBS program?
【A】increasing the profitability of the establishment
【B】reducing any customer complaints related to service
【C】preventing service to minors and intoxicated patrons
【D】engaging senior managers in developing the house policy
【B】reducing any customer complaints related to service
【C】preventing service to minors and intoxicated patrons
【D】engaging senior managers in developing the house policy
29. What is an action that servers can take to help meet their legal duty regarding sale and service of liquor?
【A】remind patrons by signal or announcement of the limited time frame for consuming liquor
【B】ensure patrons leave the premises within 60 minutes of completing the liquor service
【C】offer to provide food at reduced prices to intoxicated patrons to help them sober up
allow patrons to enter outside the permitted hours for liquor service but do not serve any 【D】liquor during those times
【B】ensure patrons leave the premises within 60 minutes of completing the liquor service
【C】offer to provide food at reduced prices to intoxicated patrons to help them sober up
allow patrons to enter outside the permitted hours for liquor service but do not serve any 【D】liquor during those times
30. What does the Get Home Safe program offered by BC liquor stores provide?
【A】free transit tickets
【B】limited fare taxi vouchers
【C】reduced fare late-night pickup
【D】complimentary shuttle service around town
【B】limited fare taxi vouchers
【C】reduced fare late-night pickup
【D】complimentary shuttle service around town
間違った、1,2,3,15,23に関してはあとから正解を教えてもらったのですが
2、A
4、B
6、D
8、D
10、C
12、B
14、B
16、B
18、C
20、A
22、C
24、A
26、B
28、C
30、A
ではではー!もお役に立てれば幸いです。
In the United States, federal assistance, also known as federal aid, federal benefits, or federal funds, is defined as any federal program, project, service, or activity provided by the federal government that directly assists domestic governments, organizations, or individuals in the areas of education, health, public safety, public welfare, and public works, among others.
The assistance, which can reach to over $400 billion annually,[1] is provided and administered by federal government agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, through special programs to recipients.
- 2Federal assistance programs
- 3Recipients
- 4Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
- 8References
- 9Further reading
Definition[edit]
The term assistance (or benefits) is defined by the federal government as:[2]
The transfer of money, property, services, or anything of value, the principal purpose of which is to accomplish a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by Federal statute,…and includes, but is not limited to, grants, loans, loan guarantees, scholarships, mortgage loans, insurance…, property, technical assistance, counseling, statistical, and other expert information; and service activities of regulatory agencies.
Federal assistance programs[edit]
To provide federal assistance in an organized manner, the federal government offers assistance through federal agencies. It is the agency's responsibility to adequately provide assistance, as well as manage, account, and monitor the responsible use of federal funds used for that assistance. The agencies then supply the assistance to beneficiaries (known as recipients, see below), such as States, hospitals, poverty-stricken families, etc., through hundreds of individual programs. These programs are defined by the federal government as: 'any function of a Federal agency that provides assistance or benefits for: (1) a State or States, territorial possession, county, city, other political subdivision, grouping, or instrumentality thereof; (2) any domestic profit or nonprofit corporation or institution; or (3) an individual; other than an agency of the Federal government'.[2]
Therefore, programs (or 'functions') can refer to any number of activities or services provided by agencies, such as building a bridge, providing food or medicine vouchers to the poor, or providing counseling to violence victims. Programs are assigned to offices within a federal agency and may include administrative personnel who work directly or indirectly with the program.
Each program is created with a specific purpose and has unique operations and activities, (i.e., no program is made for the same purpose and to operate the same way as a previously existing program) and it is assigned an official name to differentiate it from other programs. A program may be called by a different term than its official name by the general public, by an entity, or even by law or regulation—such as by the type of activity or service it engages, by a specific project name (e.g., the Big Dig tunnel project), or any other similar term. This type of name, title or term given to a program is called the 'popular name'.[3] However, the official name of program is standardized within the federal government so that federal agencies can maintain better accountability of their assigned assistance.[2][3]
For example, an individual who receives rent assistance payments through the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program might not know the exact official name of the program, and may simply call it the 'rent subsidizing' program, due to its type of activity or service. However, there are many other federal rent subsidizing programs, which require standard program names to differentiate them. In this case, programs such as Supportive Housing for the Elderly (Sec. 202), which is a project-based rental assistance program exclusively for the elderly and Section 8 Housing Assistance Payments Program-Special Allocations, a rent assistance program usually tied to public housing projects, also engage in the activity of rent subsidizing.[4]
Examples of federal assistance programs[edit]
- Private landowner assistance program (PLAP)
Federal grants and awards[edit]
Programs administer assistance by 'granting' or 'awarding' a portion of the assistance to recipients. These are called Federal grants or awards. Recipients must first apply for the award directly to the federal agency that administers the program. The agency must then determine the amount of assistance to be awarded and notifies the recipient of the award. To be official, an award requires a contract or grant agreements between the agency and the recipient that details the use of the award and restrictions and limitations.
Federal awards may specify a time period during which the recipient may use the assistance. This is called the Period of Availability of Federal Funds.[5] Most grants have a term of one year (although some may have a longer lifespan, even indefinitely), and the recipient must use the assistance within that timeframe. This is done because federal assistance is tied to the federal government's budget process, and any funds not used by a recipient within the specified time limit is reverted to other uses.
As a condition of receiving Federal awards or grants, recipients must agree to comply with the applicable laws and regulations related to the program and its agency, as well as any provisions included in the contracts and grant agreements entered between the recipient and the agency.[6] Failure to do so may lead to sanctions, including fines and penalties, exclusion or suspension from participating in federal assistance programs and activities, and/or criminal charges. Most federal program regulations for which agencies and recipients must always comply are compiled in the Code of Federal Regulations, with summaries and guidance for these regulations contained in OMB Circular letters.[citation needed]
Types of federal grants[edit]
Given the enormous size of federal assistance provided, the Federal government has designed different types of grants, each with its own unique way of awarding and/or operating:
- Project grants are awarded competitively. Project grants are the most common form of grants and a large number are found in scientificresearch, technology development, education (such as Federal Pell Grants), social services, the arts and health care types of assistance.[citation needed]
- Formula grants provide funds as dictated by a law. Examples of this type of grant includes Aid to Families with Dependent Children and the Job Training Partnership Act, and the Work Incentive Program.[citation needed] These can be sub-categorized as either Categorical or Block:
- Categorical grants may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes and recipients often must match a portion of the federal funds.[citation needed]
- Block grants combine categorical grants into a single program. Examples of this type of grant includes the Community Development Block Grant and the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant. Recipients of block grants have more leeway in using funds than recipients of individual categorical grants.[citation needed]
- Earmark grants are explicitly specified in appropriations of the U.S. Congress. They are not competitively awarded, and have become controversial because of the involvement of political lobbyists used in the process of awarding them to recipients. In fiscal year 1996 appropriations, the Congressional Research Service found 3,023 earmarks totalling $19.5 billion, while in FY2006 it found 12,852 earmarks totalling $64 billion.[7]
Recipients[edit]
A recipient of federal awards or funds is defined as any non-federal entity that receives federal assistance and is part of, or located within, the United States and its territories and possessions. Recipients are grouped into six main categories, as established by the GSA:[8]
- State governments - This category includes any of the 50 States of the United States and the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.), or any agency or instrumentality of these governments, with the exception of institutions of higher education (colleges and universities) and hospitals.[8]
- Local governments - This category includes any county, parish, municipality, city, town, township, village, State-designated Indian tribal government, local public authority, school district, special district, intrastate district, council of governments, sponsor group representative organizations, and other regional or interstate government entity, or any agency or instrumentality of a local government, which are located within the U.S.[8]
- Territories and possessions - This category includes the Commonwealths of Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, Guam, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and American Samoa.[8]
- Indian Tribal governments - This category includes the governing body or a governmental agency of any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community (including any Native village) within the U.S. and its territories. These must first be certified by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior as eligible to receive assistance under special programs and services provided through the Bureau of Indian Affairs[8] and the Indian Health Service.
- Non-profit organizations and institutions – This category includes semi-public, public and private institutions of higher education and hospitals, Native American Indian Organizations, and any other semi-public and private nonprofit organizations. However, Federally funded research and development centers are excluded from this category.[8]
- Private individuals – This category includes Native Americans, homeowners, students, farmers, artists, scientists, consumers, small businesses, refugees, aliens, veterans, senior citizens, low-income persons, health and education professionals, builders, contractors, developers, handicapped persons, and the physically afflicted. Examples of direct assistance to these individuals include Section 8 vouchers, Pell Grant scholarships, and disaster relief awards, among many others.[8]
Every program is designed with a specific recipient in mind. Certain programs have restrictions on who may receive the assistance because of the nature of its activity or service.[8] Examples include infrastructure programs and grants, which are usually restricted to States, local governments, and U.S. territories—because these are usually the only entities that administer public roads, bridges, etc. Another example is health-related research grants, which individuals are eligible for as long as they satisfy certain criteria, such as that they have a professional or scientific degree, three years of research experience, and are a citizen of the United States.[9]
Pass-through entities and sub-recipients[edit]
The federal government allows certain entities mentioned above to act as a Pass-through entity that provides the federal assistance to another recipient. The Pass-through entity is still considered a recipient, but the assistance assigned to it may be 'passed on' or 'passed-through it' to another recipient. The entity that receives the assistance from a pass-through entity is a sub-recipient.[10][11] This is allowed because certain federal programs may not have the organizational structure to provide assistance directly to the final recipient and requires support from other entities.
For example, crime-prevention federal programs may be assigned to a State Attorney General's Office (AGO) (considered a State government). This State office may decide to assign part of its federal grant through sub-grants (also known as sub-awards)[10] to cities and counties within the State (considered local governments) for crime-prevention activities such as neighborhood watch programs or supplying new equipment to police forces. The original recipient, the AGO, has become a Pass-through entity and the cities and counties have become 'sub-recipients', all the while the assistance is still serving the federal program's purpose to prevent crime.
Sub-recipients may in turn pass on the assistance to another sub-recipient to serve the purpose required by the federal program, for example if the cities mentioned above pass on part of their assistance to nonprofit organizations dedicated to patrolling neighborhoods at night. Therefore, a recipient may be considered a pass-through entity and a sub-recipient at the same time.[citation needed]
Certain programs may require the original recipient to pass on the assistance to sub-recipients (i.e., the federal program requires that the assistance be provided to nonprofit neighborhood watch organizations, and the assistance passes recipient through recipient until it reaches them), while others may require that the recipient not pass on the assistance (i.e., State must use the assistance entirely on its own). Some programs award assistance to a pass-through entity who is neither the direct applicant nor the ultimate beneficiary, such as the Pell Grant program where students apply and receive the aid but it is the university's responsibility to receive and administer the applications and disburse the aid.[9]
Pass-through entities and sub-recipients are equally responsible for the management of federal aid received. The federal government monitors the federal aid provided to any recipient and requires all pass-through entities to monitor the aid they pass on. Noncompliance of a federal regulation on the part of the sub-recipient may also be attributed to the pass-through entity because it is still responsible for the funds it passed on.[citation needed]
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance[edit]
The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) logo.
The task of organizing and categorizing federal assistance programs into a uniform and standardized system has been assigned to the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) since 1984.[12] The GSA achieves these tasks by maintaining the Federal assistance information database, which incorporates all federal agency programs that provide grants and awards to recipients. The Office of Management and Budget assists the GSA in maintaining the database by serving as an intermediary agent between the Federal agencies and GSA.[citation needed]
In addition to these tasks, the Federal Program Information Act requires the GSA to provide federal assistance information to the general public through the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA), a free register, which incorporates both federal agency and federal program information. This register acts both as a directory and as a dictionary, facilitating both recipients and the general public in finding information of a specific program.
Currently, programs in the Catalog are being classified by the GSA into 15 types of assistance, which are then sub-classified into seven financial types of assistance and eight non-financial types of assistance:[8]
Financial type assistance[edit]
- Formula Grants (A) – Includes allocations of money to States or their subdivisions in accordance with distribution formulas prescribed by law or administrative regulation, for activities of a continuing nature not confined to a specific project. Examples of this type of assistance include transportation and infrastructure grants designated by Congress, such as the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG).[8]
- Project Grants (B) – Includes funding of specific projects for fixed or known periods. Project grants can include fellowships, scholarships, research grants, training grants, traineeships, experimental and demonstration grants, evaluation grants, planning grants, technical assistance grants, survey grants, and construction grants.[8]
- Direct Payments for Specified Use (C) – Includes financial assistance from the Federal government provided directly to individuals, private firms, and other private institutions to encourage or subsidize a particular activity by conditioning the receipt of the assistance on a particular performance by the recipient. One example of this type of assistance is the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program.[8]
- Direct Payments with Unrestricted Use (D) – Includes financial assistance from the Federal government provided directly to beneficiaries who satisfy Federal eligibility requirements with no restrictions being imposed on the recipient as to how the money is spent. Included are payments under retirement, pension, and compensatory programs.[8]
- Direct Loans (E) – Includes financial assistance provided through the lending of Federal monies for a specific period of time, with a reasonable expectation of repayment, of which may or may not require the payment of interest.[8]
- Guaranteed/Insured Loans (F) – Includes programs in which the Federal government makes an arrangement to indemnify a lender against part or all of any defaults by those responsible for repayment of loans.[8]
- Insurance (G)– Includes financial assistance provided to assure reimbursement for losses sustained under specified conditions. Coverage may be provided directly by the Federal government or through private companies, and may or may not involve the payment of premiums.[8]
Non-financial type assistance[edit]
- Sale, Exchange, or Donation of Property and Goods (H) – Includes programs that provide for the sale, exchange, or donation of Federal real property, personal property, commodities, and other goods including land, buildings, equipment, food and drugs.[8]
- Use of Property, Facilities, and Equipment (I) – Includes programs that provide for the loan of, use of, or access to Federal facilities or property wherein the federally owned facilities or property do not remain in the possession of the recipient of the assistance.[8]
- Provision of Specialized Services (J) – Includes programs that provide Federal personnel directly to perform certain tasks for the benefit of communities or individuals. These services may be performed in conjunction with non-federal personnel, but they involve more than consultation, advice, or counseling. Examples include the legal representation provided by the 'Protection of Voting Rights' and the 'Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons' programs.[8]
- Advisory Services and Counseling (K) – Includes programs that provide Federal specialists to consult, advise, or counsel communities or individuals to include conferences, workshops, or personal contacts.[8]
- Dissemination of Technical Information (L) – Includes programs that provide for the publication and distribution of information or data of a specialized or technical nature frequently through clearinghouses or libraries.[8]
- Training (M)– Includes programs that provide instructional activities conducted directly by a Federal agency for individuals not employed by the Federal government.[8]
- Investigation of Complaints (N) – Includes federal administrative agency activities that are initiated in response to requests to examine or investigate violations of Federal statutes, policies, or procedures.[8]
- Federal Employment (O) – Includes programs that reflect the Government-wide responsibilities of the Office of Personnel Management in the recruitment and hiring of Federal civilian agency personnel.[8]
CFDA number[edit]
To help potential recipients locate a federal program, the General Services Administration assigns a two-digit number unique to each federal agency authorized to provide assistance, and a three digit number to each federal assistance program within that agency. With these designations, a federal assistance program is identified by the combination of both numbers, which in turn creates a five digit number divided by a dot (55.555).[3] The two digit numbers assigned to federal agencies are:
- 10 – United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
- 11 – United States Department of Commerce (DOC)
- 12 – United States Department of Defense (DoD)
- 14 – United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
- 15 – United States Department of the Interior (DOI)
- 16 – United States Department of Justice (DOJ)
- 17 – United States Department of Labor (DOL)
- 19 – United States Department of State (DOS)
- 20 – United States Department of Transportation (DOT)
- 21 – United States Department of the Treasury (TREAS)
- 45 – National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)
- 66 – United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- 81 – United States Department of Energy (DOE)
- 84 – United States Department of Education (ED)
- 93 – United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
- 94 – Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS)
- 96 – Social Security Administration (SSA)
- 97 – United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
- 98 – United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Monitoring activities[edit]
Due to the extensive amount of assistance the federal government provides, federal agencies rely on numerous monitoring activities performed by themselves, pass-through entities, and external sources. The most common monitoring procedure is the Single Audit. This is an annual examination of a recipient's operations and records that determines whether or not the recipient complied with laws and regulations applicable to the assistance they received. Additionally, Federal agencies routinely visit recipients and inspect their records and statements to check for situations of noncompliance with laws and regulations, and require periodic financial and performance reports that detail recipient operations. Federal agencies also require pass-through entities to perform similar procedures to their sub-recipients, since they are responsible for the assistance they pass on.[13][14][15]
See also[edit]
General:
Notes[edit]
- ^United States Office of Management and Budget; Office of Federal Financial Management, The Single AuditArchived 2007-06-21 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ abc2006 CFDA; 'Introduction And How To Use This Catalog'; pg. I, par. 6-8
- ^ abc2006 CFDA; 'Introduction And How To Use This Catalog: Organization of this Catalog'; pg. VIII, par. 7; 'Program Title, Number and Popular Name'
- ^OMB A-133: Compliance SupplementArchived 2009-06-21 at the Wayback Machine, Part 4, pg. 4-14.182-1: 'Supportive Housing for the Elderly (Sec. 202)' (CFDA 14.157), pg. 4-14.157-1 & 'Section 8 Housing Assistance Payments Program-Special Allocations (CFDA 14.195)
- ^OMB A-133: Compliance SupplementArchived 2009-06-21 at the Wayback Machine; Part III, pg. 3-H-1, Period of Availability of Federal Funds, par. 1
- ^OMB A-133: Compliance SupplementArchived 2009-06-21 at the Wayback Machine; Part I, pg. 1-6, par. 5
- ^Jonathan Weisman (March 27, 2006). 'Proposals Call For Disclosure of Ties to Lobbyists'. Washington Post. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
- ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx2006 CFDA; 'Introduction And How To Use This Catalog'; pg. III; Types of Assistance
- ^ ab2006 CFDA; 'Introduction And How To Use This Catalog: Organization of this Catalog'; pg. IX; 'Eligibility Requirements: Applicant Eligibility'
- ^ abU.S. State Department Grant TerminologyArchived 2007-04-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^U.S. DOJ Glossary of TermsArchived 2006-12-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^2006 CFDA; 'Introduction And How To Use This Catalog'; pg. I, par. 2
- ^Understanding Single Audits
- ^OMB A-133: Compliance SupplementArchived 2009-06-21 at the Wayback Machine; Part III, pg. 3-M-1: Sub-recipient Monitoring
- ^The Single Audit Act: Audits of States, Local Governments and Non-Profit Organizations; AICPA Audit Committee Toolkit: Non-profit Organizations; American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
References[edit]
Primary sources[edit]
- 2006 Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) of the United States General Services Administration
- U.S. State Department Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Grants Division, Grant Terminology
- U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Glossary of Terms
Secondary sources[edit]
- Understanding Single Audits by Henry Flood, Grantsmanship Center Magazine, Fall 2002, retrieved on June 30, 2006
- The Single Audit Act: Audits of States, Local Governments and Non-Profit Organizations; AICPA Audit Committee Toolkit: Non-profit Organizations; American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
Further reading[edit]
- Rhett D. Harrell (May 4, 2006), Local Government and Single Audits 2006, CCH (Wolters Kluwer), ISBN0-8080-9023-2
OMB Circulars[edit]
The following is a list of circular letters issued by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget that provide significant information and guidance for Federal agencies, recipients, auditors, and the general public over the use and management of federal funds, operations of federal assistance programs, and agencies' and recipients' compliance with laws and regulations imposed by the federal government:
- OMB Circular A-21, 'Cost Principles for Educational Institutions'[permanent dead link]
- OMB Circular A 87, 'Cost Principles for State, Local, and Indian Tribal Governments'[permanent dead link]
- OMB Circular A-128, 'Audits of State and Local Governments'[permanent dead link]
External links[edit]
- Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance website. It includes a list of all non-classified federal programs for which awards are made to recipients.
- President's Council on Integrity & Efficiency (maintained by the Offices of Inspector General)
- Single Audit Clearinghouse. Users may inquire about a specific recipient's submission of its Single Audit reports.
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